All Frameworks

Dependency Counts

For dependency counts, we start by looking at the dependencies for the meta-framework package directly. For example, how many production, development and overall dependencies does `Nuxt` have? We then look at dependencies for the starter projects specifically. Looking at a project's dependencies is more realistic (like the `starter-*` projects) as meta-frameworks rarely just include the meta-framework package alone. It is also important to look at direct dependencies.

Meta-framework Direct Package Counts

Framework	Deps	Dev	Prod	Graph
Astro	80	27	53	View
Mastro	1	0	1	View
Next.js	229	223	6	View
Nuxt	68	11	57	View
React Router	50	22	28	View
SolidStart	29	4	25	View
SvelteKit	25	13	12	View
TanStack Start	8	0	8	View

Metaframework Dependencies

Metaframework Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	25
SolidStart	29
React Router	50
Nuxt	68
Astro	80
Next.js	229

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Development Dependencies

Metaframework Development Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
TanStack Start	0
SolidStart	4
Nuxt	11
SvelteKit	13
React Router	22
Astro	27
Next.js	223

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Metaframework Production Dependencies

Metaframework Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	1
Next.js	6
TanStack Start	8
SvelteKit	12
SolidStart	25
React Router	28
Astro	53
Nuxt	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Projects

Framework	Deps Dev / Prod	All Deps	Dup. Deps	node_modules	Dep Install Size	Graph
Astro	2 / 1	390	11	207.84MB	186.51MB	View
Mastro	2 / 2	6	0	29.16MB	27.39MB	View
Next.js	6 / 3	421	12	560.04MB	506.22MB	View
Nuxt	2 / 3	694	63	208.80MB	172.24MB	View
React Router	8 / 6	268	9	106.86MB	102.22MB	View
SolidStart	1 / 6	227	8	124.34MB	99.61MB	View
SvelteKit	7 / 0	119	1	60.05MB	63.60MB	View
TanStack Start	11 / 13	424	14	234.77MB	198.52MB	View

Starter Project Dev Dependencies

Starter Project Dev Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SolidStart	1
Astro	2
Mastro	2
Nuxt	2
Next.js	6
SvelteKit	7
React Router	8
TanStack Start	11

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Production Dependencies

Starter Project Production Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
SvelteKit	0
Astro	1
Mastro	2
Next.js	3
Nuxt	3
React Router	6
SolidStart	6
TanStack Start	13

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies

Starter Project Duplicate Dependencies data
Framework	Dependency count
Mastro	0
SvelteKit	1
SolidStart	8
React Router	9
Astro	11
Next.js	12
TanStack Start	14
Nuxt	63

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Node Modules Size

Methodology: Node Modules Size.

Node modules size

Node modules size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	29.16 MB
SvelteKit	60.05 MB
React Router	106.86 MB
SolidStart	124.34 MB
Astro	207.84 MB
Nuxt	208.80 MB
TanStack Start	234.77 MB
Next.js	560.04 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build and Install Times

Methodology: Build and Install Times.

Framework	Avg Install	Min Install	Max Install	Avg Cold Build	Avg Warm Build	Build Output
Astro	1.64s	1.50s	2.13s	0.97s	0.86s	0.03MB
Mastro	0.62s	0.56s	0.75s	0.40s	0.39s	0.01MB
Next.js	3.21s	2.99s	3.62s	5.10s	4.97s	6.05MB
Nuxt	3.00s	2.75s	3.84s	3.96s	3.93s	2.46MB
React Router	1.22s	1.15s	1.34s	1.85s	1.87s	0.38MB
SolidStart	1.26s	1.24s	1.28s	2.71s	2.67s	0.51MB
SvelteKit	1.24s	1.20s	1.33s	2.54s	2.45s	1.36MB
TanStack Start	1.76s	1.68s	1.86s	5.38s	5.31s	2.05MB

Avg install time

Avg install time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.62s
React Router	1.22s
SvelteKit	1.24s
SolidStart	1.26s
Astro	1.64s
TanStack Start	1.76s
Nuxt	3.00s
Next.js	3.21s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Cold build time

Cold build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.40s
Astro	0.97s
React Router	1.85s
SvelteKit	2.54s
SolidStart	2.71s
Nuxt	3.96s
Next.js	5.10s
TanStack Start	5.38s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Warm build time

Warm build time data
Framework	Seconds
Mastro	0.39s
Astro	0.86s
React Router	1.87s
SvelteKit	2.45s
SolidStart	2.67s
Nuxt	3.93s
Next.js	4.97s
TanStack Start	5.31s

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Build output size

Build output size data
Framework	Megabytes
Mastro	0.01 MB
Astro	0.03 MB
React Router	0.38 MB
SolidStart	0.51 MB
SvelteKit	1.36 MB
TanStack Start	2.05 MB
Nuxt	2.46 MB
Next.js	6.05 MB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core-JS Polyfills

Methodology: Core-JS Polyfills.

Framework	~Size	Unnecessary Modules
Astro	—	—
Mastro	—	—
Next.js	110.0 KB	302
Nuxt	—	—
React Router	—	—
SolidStart	—	—
SvelteKit	—	—
TanStack Start	—	—

Browser Baseline

Methodology: Browser Baseline.

Framework	Baseline	Feature	Year	Features
Astro	—	—	—	0
Mastro	—	—	—	0
Next.js	High	—	2022	46
Nuxt	Limited	temporal	—	40
React Router	High	—	2022	40
SolidStart	High	—	2020	30
SvelteKit	High	—	2020	40
TanStack Start	High	—	2022	45

Client Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Client Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	129.8ms	129.79ms
Next.js	383ms	383.26ms
Nuxt	252.4ms	252.32ms
React Router	223.6ms	223.41ms
SolidStart	198.8ms	198.66ms
SvelteKit	216.8ms	216.64ms
TanStack Start	227.6ms	227.71ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	129.80 ms
SolidStart	198.80 ms
SvelteKit	216.80 ms
React Router	223.60 ms
TanStack Start	227.60 ms
Nuxt	252.40 ms
Next.js	383.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	129.79 ms
SolidStart	198.66 ms
SvelteKit	216.64 ms
React Router	223.41 ms
TanStack Start	227.71 ms
Nuxt	252.32 ms
Next.js	383.26 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Rendered Tests

Methodology: Server Side Rendered Tests.

Framework	First Paint	FCP
Astro	118ms	117.87ms
Mastro	125.8ms	125.94ms
Next.js	195.8ms	195.95ms
Nuxt	156ms	156.05ms
React Router	162.4ms	162.53ms
SolidStart	173.6ms	173.5ms
SvelteKit	170.2ms	170.09ms
TanStack Start	165ms	165.04ms

First Paint (ms)

First Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	118.00 ms
Mastro	125.80 ms
Nuxt	156.00 ms
React Router	162.40 ms
TanStack Start	165.00 ms
SvelteKit	170.20 ms
SolidStart	173.60 ms
Next.js	195.80 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

First Contentful Paint (ms)

First Contentful Paint (ms) data
Framework	Milliseconds
Astro	117.87 ms
Mastro	125.94 ms
Nuxt	156.05 ms
React Router	162.53 ms
TanStack Start	165.04 ms
SvelteKit	170.09 ms
SolidStart	173.50 ms
Next.js	195.95 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Throughput Tests

Methodology: Server Side Throughput Tests.

Framework	Ops/sec	Median Latency	Body Size	Duplication
Baseline HTML	835	1.197ms	96.83kb	1x
Astro	671	1.432ms	96.89kb	1x
Mastro	254	3.846ms	327.46kb	1.5x
Next.js	232	4.506ms	199.57kb	2x
Nuxt	369	2.632ms	201.27kb	2x
React Router	350	2.818ms	211.63kb	2x
SolidStart	421	2.291ms	224.17kb	2x
SvelteKit	448	2.162ms	183.53kb	2x
TanStack Start	329	3.027ms	193.62kb	2x

Ops/sec

Ops/sec data
Framework	Operations per second
Baseline HTML	835
Astro	671
SvelteKit	448
SolidStart	421
Nuxt	369
React Router	350
TanStack Start	329
Mastro	254
Next.js	232

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Body Size

Body Size data
Framework	Kilobytes
Baseline HTML	96.83 KB
Astro	96.89 KB
SvelteKit	183.53 KB
TanStack Start	193.62 KB
Next.js	199.57 KB
Nuxt	201.27 KB
React Router	211.63 KB
SolidStart	224.17 KB
Mastro	327.46 KB

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Median Latency

Median Latency data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	1.20 ms
Astro	1.43 ms
SvelteKit	2.16 ms
SolidStart	2.29 ms
Nuxt	2.63 ms
React Router	2.82 ms
TanStack Start	3.03 ms
Mastro	3.85 ms
Next.js	4.51 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Server Side Load Test

Methodology: Server Side Load Test.

Framework	Peak req/s	Peak Connections	P99 @ 25	P99 @ 50	P99 @ 100	Total Req.
Baseline HTML	1,580.2	100	20ms	45ms	102ms	47,296
Astro	1,195.8	50	41ms	66ms	358ms	35,652
Mastro	563	50	59ms	173ms	1600ms	17,518
Next.js	37.21	5	2223ms	4703ms	4603ms	1,020
Nuxt	64.41	5	2134ms	4115ms	4498ms	2,060
React Router	175.2	25	305ms	1718ms	3869ms	5,660
SolidStart	62	5	3035ms	4089ms	4066ms	1,976
SvelteKit	487.4	10	78ms	443ms	2378ms	15,650
TanStack Start	42.8	5	4183ms	4384ms	4544ms	1,310

P99 Latency

P99 Latency at 25 Connections

P99 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	20.00 ms
Astro	41.00 ms
Mastro	59.00 ms
SvelteKit	78.00 ms
React Router	305.00 ms
Nuxt	2134.00 ms
Next.js	2223.00 ms
SolidStart	3035.00 ms
TanStack Start	4183.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 50 Connections

P99 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	45.00 ms
Astro	66.00 ms
Mastro	173.00 ms
SvelteKit	443.00 ms
React Router	1718.00 ms
SolidStart	4089.00 ms
Nuxt	4115.00 ms
TanStack Start	4384.00 ms
Next.js	4703.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P99 Latency at 100 Connections

P99 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	102.00 ms
Astro	358.00 ms
Mastro	1600.00 ms
SvelteKit	2378.00 ms
React Router	3869.00 ms
SolidStart	4066.00 ms
Nuxt	4498.00 ms
TanStack Start	4544.00 ms
Next.js	4603.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency

P90 Latency at 25 Connections

P90 Latency at 25 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	18.00 ms
Astro	23.00 ms
Mastro	46.00 ms
SvelteKit	60.00 ms
React Router	151.00 ms
Nuxt	402.00 ms
SolidStart	633.00 ms
Next.js	766.00 ms
TanStack Start	777.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 50 Connections

P90 Latency at 50 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	33.00 ms
Astro	43.00 ms
Mastro	92.00 ms
SvelteKit	133.00 ms
React Router	301.00 ms
Nuxt	518.00 ms
SolidStart	674.00 ms
TanStack Start	762.00 ms
Next.js	2454.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

P90 Latency at 100 Connections

P90 Latency at 100 Connections data
Framework	Milliseconds
Baseline HTML	77.00 ms
Astro	84.00 ms
Mastro	203.00 ms
SvelteKit	226.00 ms
React Router	390.00 ms
SolidStart	676.00 ms
Nuxt	725.00 ms
TanStack Start	1423.00 ms
Next.js	2830.00 ms

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Core Web Vitals

CWV Desktop

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	91	87	91	82	97
SolidStart	91	66	91	83	100
SvelteKit	79	77	78	71	94
Next.js	72	69	76	67	94
React Router	61	62	66	70	90
Nuxt.js	65	57	67	59	95

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
Astro	91
SolidStart	91
SvelteKit	79
Next.js	72
Nuxt.js	65
React Router	61

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	87
SvelteKit	77
Next.js	69
SolidStart	66
React Router	62
Nuxt.js	57

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	83
Astro	82
SvelteKit	71
React Router	70
Next.js	67
Nuxt.js	59

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	97
Nuxt.js	95
SvelteKit	94
Next.js	94
React Router	90

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

CWV Mobile

Framework	LCP%	CLS%	FCP%	TTFB%	INP%
Astro	77	92	71	60	86
SolidStart	90	63	90	81	100
SvelteKit	67	81	60	58	75
Next.js	51	69	50	47	58
Nuxt.js	45	58	43	45	65
React Router	41	64	41	53	56

Good Largest Contentful Paint

Measures how fast a page's main content loads. To provide a good user experience, the LCP should be 2.5 seconds or less.

Good Largest Contentful Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	90
Astro	77
SvelteKit	67
Next.js	51
Nuxt.js	45
React Router	41

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift

Measures how much and how far content unexpectedly moves on a page. To provide a good user experience, sites should maintain a CLS score of 0.1 or less for at least 75% of page visits.

Good Cumulative Layout Shift data
Framework	%
Astro	92
SvelteKit	81
Next.js	69
React Router	64
SolidStart	63
Nuxt.js	58

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Good First Contentful Paint

Measures initial loading speed. To provide a good user experience, the FCP should be 1.8 seconds or less.

Good Time To First Byte

Measures the time between the request for a resource and when the first byte of a response begins to arrive. A good TTFB is less than or equal to 800ms.

Good Time To First Byte data
Framework	%
SolidStart	81
Astro	60
SvelteKit	58
React Router	53
Next.js	47
Nuxt.js	45

Good Interaction to Next Paint

Measures overall page responsiveness to user actions. To provide a good user experience, the INP should be 200ms or less.

Good Interaction to Next Paint data
Framework	%
SolidStart	100
Astro	86
SvelteKit	75
Nuxt.js	65
Next.js	58
React Router	56

The chart includes a dotted median reference line calculated from the visible framework values.

Methodology: Core Web Vitals.